Momentary Intentions/Enduring Dispositions
Even with maximum capacity and allocation of attention, performances can be disrupted by outside forces. The Kahneman model calls these outside influences which compete for our attention "enduring dispositions." These include involuntary responses to sudden noises, light, or motion. No matter how hard one is concentrating on a task at hand, a loud noise is likely to be startling and demand attention. Loud coughing, a flash of a camera, or a sudden movement in the audience is hard not to notice when one is performing. An enduring disposition means just that - it is enduring - and people are programmed to react to these things because they may represent danger. These are instinctual reactions. But while we cannot help but notice such movements, noises and lights, we can learn to control our subsequent responses.
"Momentary intentions" also impact allocation of attention. If we have been thinking about a problem at work, it is unlikely that we will be able to turn those thoughts off suddenly to begin concentrated practice. Elementary school children often cannot focus on school work the day before a major holiday. Our personal lives and work pressures will affect how we are able to allocate attention for practice and performing. But within these limitations, we can control how we allocate our attention.
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